In addition, Article 2 of the EU-Israel Association Agreement commits the EU and its Member States to base their relations, and the provisions of the agreements themselves, on respect for human rights. Moreover, in their dealings with states engaged in armed conflict or belligerent occupation, such as Israel, all EU Member States are bound by the duty established in Article 1 common to the Geneva Conventions to “respect and ensure respect for [those] Conventions in all circumstances.” Yet, what has generally characterized EU policy is “a pattern of deference, bordering on legal acquiescence, to Israel’s violations of its agreements with the EU.” The Advisory Opinion of the ICJ demands an end to European deference.